【android学习随笔】android数据持久化(一)-文件存储和xml存储

这两种适合存储一些简单的数据。非关系,量小。例如记住密码,本地设置等。

文件存储

原理大概就是用 Context 类中提供的 openFileInput()和 openFileOutput()方法,之后就是利用 Java 的各种流来进行读写操作。

布局文件

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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Type something here" />
</LinearLayout>

文件流读写部分

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText edit;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit);
String inputText = load();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(inputText)) {
edit.setText(inputText);
edit.setSelection(inputText.length());
Toast.makeText(this, "Restoring succeeded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
String inputText = edit.getText().toString();
save(inputText);
}

//
public void save(String inputText) {
FileOutputStream out = null;
BufferedWriter writer = null;
try {
out = openFileOutput("data", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
writer.write(inputText);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (writer != null) {
writer.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public String load() {
FileInputStream in = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
try {
in = openFileInput("data");
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line = "";
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
content.append(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return content.toString();
}
}

SharedPreferences 存储

也叫键值对存储。使用xml进行存储对应的键值对,SharedPreferences 存储要比文本存储简单方便许多,应用场景也多了不少,比如很多应用程序中的偏好设置功能其实都使用到了 SharedPreferences 技术,还有记住密码等功能,需要注意正式项目需要对明文密码进行加密。

布局文件

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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/save_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="保存数据"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/read_data"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="读取数据"
/>
</LinearLayout>

SharedPreferences操作部分

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// 以下是保存数据按钮
Button saveData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.save_data);
saveData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getSharedPreferences("data", MODE_PRIVATE).edit();
editor.putString("name", "hello");
editor.putInt("age", 4);
editor.apply();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "保存完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

// 以下是读取数据按钮
Button readData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.read_data);
readData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
SharedPreferences pref = getSharedPreferences("data", MODE_PRIVATE);
String name = pref.getString("name", "");
int age = pref.getInt("age", 0);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "name is " + name + " and age is " + age, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}